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Control house at HV/EHV switchyards and substations (construction, layout and functions)
Control house Nowadays, the control house is one of the main parts in every modern…
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Phase Comparison
Phase comparison relay systems monitor the current direction at each line terminal of the protected…
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Underreaching Transfer Trip Schemes
Underreaching transfer trip schemes include two variations: direct underreach and permissive underreach. The communications for this…
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Pilot schemes for transmission line protection
When do we use pilot schemes? Pilot schemes simultaneously measure and monitor system parameters at…
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Double Breaker–Double Bus
The double breaker-double bus configuration consists of two main buses, each normally energized. Electrically connected…
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Breaker-and-a-Half
The breaker-and-a-half configuration consists of two main buses, each normally energized. Electrically connected between the buses…
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Main and Transfer Bus
A main and transfer bus configuration consists of two independent buses, one of which, the main…
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Sectionalized Bus
An extension of the single bus configuration is the sectionalized bus arrangement shown in Figure…
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Common bus configurations in substations up to 345 kV
Comparison of bus configurations This technical article explains six most common bus configurations used for…